1. What Is Descriptive Research Design Pdf
2. What Is Descriptive Research Design Pdf

A research design^[1] is the set of methods and procedures used in collecting and analyzing measures of the variables specified in the problem research. The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlation, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan. A research design is a framework that has been created to find answers to research questions.

• 1Design types and sub-types
• 4Examples of fixed designs
• 5Examples of flexible research designs

Design types and sub-types[edit]

There are many ways to classify research designs. Nonetheless, the list below offers a number of useful distinctions between possible research designs. A research design is an arrangement of conditions or collection.^[2]

• Descriptives (e.g., case-study, naturalistic observation, survey)
• Correlational (e.g., case-control study, observational study)
• non-experimental (e.g., field experiment)
• Experimental (experiment with random assignment)(quasi-experiment)
• Review (literature review, systematic review)
• Meta-analytic (meta-analysis)

The research design for this study is a descriptive and interpretive case study that is analysed through qualitative methods. Questionnaires were used to evaluate. Top formula one drivers. Research design is a framework of methods and techniques chosen by a researcher to combine various components of research in a reasonably logical manner so that the research problem is efficiently handled.

Sometimes a distinction is made between 'fixed' and 'flexible' designs. In some cases, these types coincide with quantitative and qualitative research designs respectively,^[3] though this need not be the case. In fixed designs, the design of the study is fixed before the main stage of data collection takes place. Fixed designs are normally theory-driven; otherwise, it is impossible to know in advance which variables need to be controlled and measured. Often, these variables are measured quantitatively. Flexible designs allow for more freedom during the data collection process. One reason for using a flexible research design can be that the variable of interest is not quantitatively measurable, such as culture. In other cases, the theory might not be available before one starts the research.

Grouping[edit]

The choice of how to group participants depends on the research hypothesis and on how the participants are sampled. In a typical experimental study, there will be at least one 'experimental' condition (e.g., 'treatment') and one 'control' condition ('no treatment'), but the appropriate method of grouping may depend on factors such as the duration of measurement phase and participant characteristics:

Confirmatory versus exploratory research[edit]

Confirmatory research tests a priori hypotheses — outcome predictions that are made before the measurement phase begins. Such a priori hypotheses are usually derived from a theory or the results of previous studies. The advantage of confirmatory research is that the result is more meaningful, in the sense that it is much harder to claim that a certain result is generalizable beyond the data set. The reason for this is that in confirmatory research, one ideally strives to reduce the probability of falsely reporting a coincidental result as meaningful. This probability is known as α-level or the probability of a type I error.

Exploratory research, on the other hand, seeks to generate a posteriori hypotheses by examining a.^[7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Creswell, John W. (2014). Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. ISBN978-1-4522-2609-5.
2. ^ Muaz, Jalil Mohammad (2013), Practical Guidelines for conducting research. Summarizing good research practice in line with the DCED Standard
3. ^Robson, C. (1993). Real-world research: A resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
4. ^Diekmann, Andreas (2011). 'Are Most Published Research Findings False?'. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik. 231 (5–6). doi:10.1515/jbnst-2011-5-606. ISSN2366-049X.
5. ^Adèr, H. J., Mellenbergh, G. J., & Hand, D. J. (2008). Advising on research methods: a consultant's companion. Huizen: Johannes van Kessel Publishing. ISBN978-90-79418-01-5
6. ^Bell, J. (1999). Doing your research project. Buckingham: OUP.
7. ^Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Research Methods vs Research Design

In a research project, two significant elements between that certain differences can be identified are the research design and methods. Hence, for those pursuing research in any field of study, an awareness of research methods and research design is vital. There are many research methods that provide a loose framework or guidelines to conduct a research project. One has to choose a method that suits the requirements of the project, and the researcher is comfortable with. On the other hand, the research design is the specific framework within which a project is pursued and completed. Many remain confused about the differences between research methods and research design. This article will differentiate between the two and make it easier for research students.

What is a Research Method?

What Is Descriptive Research Design Pdf

A research method refers to the techniques that the researcher uses to gather information. Interview method, surveys, observation, are some of the most commonly used methods in the social sciences. If the researcher wishes to unravel in depth information about individual attitudes, and life experiences, the researcher would use in-depth interviews. However, if the aim of the research is to gain a holistic, more statistically significant information he would use a survey.

Also, it is important to highlight that although there are scores of research methods, not every method can perfectly match a particular research project. There are qualitative as well as quantitative research methods. Qualitative methods assist the researcher to gain rich in-depth data while quantitative methods allow the researcher to collect data that are more statistically significant. Methods are generalized outlines that provide a framework, and the choice is narrowed down depending upon the area of research that you have chosen. Once you have selected a particular research method, you need to apply it in the best possible manner to your project.

What is a Research Design?

Research design refers to the blueprint that you prepare using the research method chosen, and it delineates the steps that you need to take. Research design thus tells what is to be done at what time. Research design tells how the goals of a research project can be accomplished. Key features of any research design are the methodology, collection and assignment of samples, collection, and analysis of data along with procedures and instruments to be used.

If one is not careful enough while choosing a research design and a research method, the results obtained from a research project may not be satisfactory or may be anomalous. In such a situation, because of a flaw in the research design you may have to look for alternative research methods that would necessitate changes in your research design as well.

What is the Difference Between Research Methods and the Research Design?

Definitions of Research Methods and Research Design:

• A research method refers to the techniques that the researcher uses to gather information.
• Research design refers to the blueprint that you prepare using the research method chosen, and it delineates the steps that you need to take.

What Is Descriptive Research Design Pdf

Characteristics of Research Methods and Research Design:

• Both research methods, as well as research design, are crucial for successful completion of any research project.
• Research methods are loose framework or guidelines from which one has to select one and then apply a research design on that method to achieve desired results.
• Research methods focus mainly on data collection, but the research design provides an overall picture of the entire research project.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Microscopy lab” by Idaho National Laboratory – Flickr: Microscopy lab. [CC BY 2.0] via Wikimedia Commons

2. Research process By Jtneill (Own work) [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

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