Software Defined Radio Definition

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  4. Sfdr Definition Software Defined Radio

This article provides a list of commercially available software-defined radio receivers.

NameTypeFrequency rangeMax bandwidthRX
ADC
bits		TX
DAC
bits		TX capableSampling rateFrequency accuracy

ppm

Panadapters / ReceiversHost InterfaceWindowsLinuxMacFPGABase price
ADAT ADT-200A[1]Pre-built10 kHz – 30 MHz (planned modules for 50–54 MHz, 70.0–70.5 MHz, and 144–148 MHz)0.5–100 kHz??1/3Embedded system (no computer needed), USB, Internet remoteYes, with option R-1 & ADAT Commander??CHF 5,220
AD-FMCOMMS2-EBZ[2]Pre-built2400 – 2500 MHz1212Yes61.44 MSPS2/2FMC (to Xilinx board) then USB 2.0 or Gigabit Ethernet.YesYesYesUS$750
AD-FMCOMMS3-EBZ[3]Pre-built70 MHz – 6 GHz54 MHz due to filter1212Yes61.44 MSPS2/2FMC (to Xilinx board) then USB 2.0 or Gigabit Ethernet.YesYesYesUS$750
AD-FMCOMMS4-EBZ[4]Pre-built70 MHz – 6 GHz54 MHz due to filter1212Yes61.44 MSPS1/1FMC (to Xilinx board) then USB 2.0 or Gigabit Ethernet.YesYesYesUS$399
AD-FMCOMMS5-EBZ[5]Pre-built70 MHz – 6 GHz54 MHz due to filter1212Yes61.44 MSPS4/4FMC (to Xilinx board) then USB 2.0 or Gigabit Ethernet.YesYesYesUS$1,125
ADALM-PLUTO[6]Pre-built325 MHz – 3.8 GHz (70 MHz – 6 GHz with software modification[7])20 MHz (streaming may be less due to USB 2.0)1212Yes61.44 MSPS1/1USB 2.0, Ethernet & WLAN with USB-OTG adapterYesYesYesXilinx Zynq Z-7010US$148
AFEDRI SDR[8]Pre-built30 kHz – 35 MHz, 35 MHz – 1700 MHz2.3MHz12No80 MSPS0/2USB 2.0, 10/100 EthernetYesYesYesUS$249
AirSpy R2[9]Pre-built24 – 1700 MHz10 MHz12N/ANo10 MSPS MSps ADC sampling, up to 80 MSPS for custom applications0.50/1USBYesYesYes using portsnoneUS$169
AirspyHF+[10]Pre-built9 kHz - 31 MHz

60 MHz - 260 MHz

660 kHz18N/ANo36 MSPS0.50/1USBYesYesYesUS$199
Apache Labs ANAN-10E[11]Pre-built10 kHz – 55 MHz14?Yes 10W122.88 Msps0/2Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesUS$995
Apache Labs ANAN-10/100Pre-built10 kHz – 55 MHz16?Yes 10/100W122.88 Msps0/4Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesUS$1,649-US$2,449
Apache Labs ANAN-100D/200DPre-built10 kHz – 55 MHz16?Yes 100W122.88 Msps0/7Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesUS$3,299-US$3,999
Apache Labs ANAN-7000DLE[12]Pre-built9 kHz – 60 MHz1616Yes 100W?0/7Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesUS$2,995
Apache Labs ANAN-8000DLEPre-built0 kHz - 61.44 MHz1616Yes 200W?0/7Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesAltera Cyclone IVUS$4,395
AOR AR-2300[14]Pre-built40 kHz – 3.15 GHz?No65 MSPS1/1Embedded system (no computer needed), USBYes??US$3,299
ARSP / Wideband MIMO[15]early kit / pre-built400 MHz – 4.4 GHz??8mhz streaming / 50mhz?USB 2.0YesYesNoUnknown
ASR-2300[16]Pre-Built / Open Source Design300 MHz – 3.8 GHz, two general wideband RX and selectable GPS, ISM, PCS, UHF RX bands??<40 MHz (Programmable)0/2USB 3.0 SuperSpeedYesYesYesUS$1,500
Bitshark Express RX[17]Kit300 MHz – 4 GHz?105 MSPS (RX only)0/1 ?PCIeYesYes?US$4,300
bladeRF[18]Pre-built300 MHz – 3.8 GHz1212yes80 kSPS – 40 MSPS1?USB 3.0 SuperSpeedYesYesYesAltera Cyclone 4 EUS$420
bladeRF 2.0 micro[19]Pre-built47 MHz – 6 GHz56MHz1212yes61.44 MSPS2/2USB 3.0 SuperSpeedYesYesYesAltera Cyclone VUS$480
ColibriDDC[20]Pre-built10 kHz – 62.5 MHz,

up to 800 MHz (oversampling)

38 – 312 kHz14No125 MSPS3/410/100 EthernetYesYes?US$650
COM-3011[21]Pre-built20 MHz – 3 GHzextExternal ADC required (I/Q output)?USBYes??US$345
Crimson TNG[22]Pre-builtDC – 6 GHz> 1200 MHz

(4 independent RX chains and 4 independent TX chains, each capable of up to 322MHz of RF bandwidth)

1616Yes
  • Four dual channel, 16 bit, 370 MSPS ADCs
  • Two quad channel, 16 bit, 2500 MSPS DACs
4/42x 10Gbit/s SFP+, EthernetYesYesYesUS$6,000
Cross Country Wireless SDR receiver v. 3[23]Pre-built472 – 479 kHz,

7.0–7.3 MHz/10.10–10.15 MHz,
and 14.00–14.35 MHz

extExternal ADC required (I/Q output)1/1Crystal controlled two channelsYesYesYesUS$80
Cyan[22]Pre-built100 kHz – 18 GHz1 – 3 Ghz

(8 fully independent Rx chains and 8 fully independent Tx chains, each capable of up to 1 GHz of RF bandwidth)

12 – 1616Yes
  • 1–3 GSPS ADCs
  • 2.5 GSPS DACs
0 – 16 receive and 0 – 16 transmit

(total of 16 radio chains)

Karan arjun download. It tells the story of the titular two brothers who seek revenge from their greedy uncle for murdering their father, but are killed by him and are reincarnated to complete the revenge.Karan Arjun was theatrically released in India on 13 January 1995. The film, receiving positive reviews from critics, grossed more than ₹75 crore (US$11 million) at the worldwide box office, emerging as a 'blockbuster' and the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of 1995, behind, which also featured Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol and Amrish Puri. Running time169 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageHindiBudget₹6 croreBox office₹79 croreKaran Arjun is a 1995 -language directed and produced by, starring, and in lead roles, with portraying the antagonist and, and in supporting roles.

4x 40Gbps QSFP, EthernetYesYesYesIntel Stratix 10 SoCUS$73,500
DRB 30[24]Pre-built30 kHz – 30 MHzextExternal ADC required (I/Q output)?LPT parallel portUp to XP??US$390
DX Patrol[25]Pre-built100 kHz – 2 GHz (RTL2832U, R820T, 40 MHz upconverter)8No2.4 (up to 3.2) Msps?USBYes??€100
easySDR USB Dongle[26]Pre-built64 – 1700 MHz?No48, 96 kHz0/1USBYesNoNoUS$110
Elektor SDR[27]Bare PCB and pre-built150 kHz – 30 MHz?NoSoundcard ADC: 48, 96, and 192 kHz0/1USBYesYesYesUS$41-US$46 for PCB
Elektor AVR SDR[28]Kit and pre-builtup to 1 MHz in undersampling?up to 15 kS/s0/1UART via RS2-232 converter or USB bridgeYesYesYesUS$145-US$160
ELAD FDM-S1[29]Pre-built20 kHz – 30 MHz,

up to 200 MHz in undersampling

?No61.44 MHz1/4USBYesNoNoXilinx€369
ELAD FDM-S2[30]Pre-builtHF:9 kHz – 52 MHz / FM:74 MHz - 108 MHz / VHF:135 MHz - 160 MHz6 MHz?No122.88 MHz1/8USB 2.0YesNoNoXilinx Spartan-6€525
ELAD FDM-DUO[31]Pre-builtHF:10 kHz – 54 MHz
(experimental up to 165 MHz)		6 MHz16?Yes122.88 MHz1/8+1Embedded system + 3x USB 2.0YesNoNoXilinx Spartan-6€1,159
Elecraft KX3[32]Pre-built or kit0.5 – 54 MHz

(144–148 MHz optional)

14?Yes30 kHz?0/1USB or embedded system (no computer needed)YesYesYesUS$900
FiFi-SDR[33]Pre-built200 kHz – 30 MHz?No96 kHz (integrated soundcard)0/1USBYesYes?€120[34]
FLEX-6700[35]Pre-built0.01 – 73, 135 – 165 MHz24-192kHz RX (x8), 14MHz Display (x8)1616Yes 100W245.76 MSPS8/8Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx XC6VLX130TUS$6,999
CDRX-3200[36]Pre-built0.01 – 100 MHz48 – 250 kHz RX (x32)24—No48-250 kSPS0/32, coherent or independentGigabit EthernetYes through APIYes through APIYes through APIXilinx XC5VLX30T
LBRX-24[37]Pre-built950 – 2150 MHz150kHz – 80MHz (x24)16—No150 kSPS – 80 MSPS0/2410 Gigabit Ethernet (x4)Yes through APIYes through APIYes through APIXilinx XC6VHX380T (x2)
FLEX-6700R[35]Pre-built0.01 – 73, 135 – 165 MHz24-192kHz RX (x8), 14MHz Display (x8)16No245.76 MSPS (receiver)8/8Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx XC6VLX130TUS$6,399
FLEX-6600M[38]Pre-built0.01 – 54 MHz24-192kHz RX (x4), 14MHz Display (x4)1616Yes 100W245.76 MSPS4/4Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx XC6VLX130T or XC7A200TUS$4,999
FLEX-6600[38]Pre-built0.01 – 54 MHz24-192kHz RX (x4), 14MHz Display (x4)1616Yes 100W245.76 MSPS4/4Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx XC6VLX130T or XC7A200TUS$3,999
FLEX-6500[39]Pre-built0.01 – 73 MHz24-192kHz RX (x4), 14MHz Display (x4)1616Yes 100W245.76 MSPS4/4Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx XC6VLX75TUS$4,299
FLEX-6400M[40]Pre-built0.01 – 54 MHz24-192kHz RX (x2), 7MHz Display (x2)1616Yes 100W122.88 MSPS2/2Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx XC6VLX75T or XC7A200TUS$2,999
FLEX-6400[40]Pre-built0.01 – 54 MHz24-192kHz RX (x2), 7MHz Display (x2)1616Yes 100W122.88 MSPS2/2Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx XC6VLX75T or XC7A200TUS$1,999
FLEX-6300[41]Pre-built0.01 – 54 MHz24-192kHz RX (x2), 14MHz Display (x2)1616Yes 100W122.88 MSPS2/2Gigabit EthernetYesYesYes—US$2,499
FLEX-5000APre-built0.01 – 65 MHz48-192kHz (x2)2424Yes 100W48, 96, 192 kHz2/21394a FirewireYesNoNo—US$2,800
FLEX-3000Pre-built0.01 – 65 MHz48-96kHz2424Yes 100W48, 96 kHz1/11394a FirewireYesNoNo—US$1,700
FLEX-1500[42]Pre-built0.01 – 54 MHz48kHz1616Yes 5W48 kHz1/1USBYesNoNo—US$650
FreeSRPPre-built (OSHW)70 – 6000 MHz61.44 MHz??Yes61.44 Msps1/1USB 3.0???US$300-US$400
FUNcube Dongle[43]Pre-built64 – 1700 MHz16No96 kHz[44]0/1USBYesYesYesUS$160
FUNcube Dongle Pro+[43]Pre-built0.15 – 240 MHz, 420 – 1900 MHz16No192 kHz0/1USBYesYesYesUS$200
HackRF One[45]Pre-built1 MHz – 6 GHz20 MHz88Yes8 – 20 Msps200/1USB 2.0YesYesYesUS$299
Hermes-Lite2 (build9)[46]experimental kit0 to 38.4 MHz1.536 MHz12 bits @ 76.8 MHz12 bits @ 153.6 MHzYes76.8 MSPS0.5 ppm4 / 4 + 1EthernetYesYesYesAltera Cyclone IV Depends on component cost, build9 cost: US$225.7 + US$52.7 for N2ADR Companion Filter Card
HiQSDR[47]prebuilt modules & kits, pcbs30 kHz – 62 MHz?48 – 960 kHz?10/100 EthernetYesYesYesUS$650-US$1,400
HobbyPCB RS-HFIQ[48]Pre-built3 MHz – 30 MHzUp to 250 kHz depending on Sound Card??Yes, 5 WattsDepends on Sound Card2/1 Using HDSDR softwareRelies on a computing asset with sound device to process I and Q input and outputYes, HDSDR, PowerSDRYes, Quisk, Linrad, GNU RadioYes, various softwareUS$239
Hunter SDR[49]Kit2.5 – 30 MHz (1 – 30 MHz typ.)extExternal ADC required (I/Q output)?USBYesNoNo£85
Icom IC-7610[50]Pre-built0.030 - 60.00MHz1614Yes130 MHz[51]2/2USB 2.0
Ethernet
Iris-030[52]Pre-built50 MHz – 3.8 GHz122.88 MHz1212Yes122.88 Msps (SISO) 61.44 Msps (MIMO)2/2Gigabit Ethernet or 24.6 Gbps High-Speed BusYesYesYesXilinx Zynq 7030US$2,400
ISDB-T 2035/2037[53]Pre-built50 – 960 MHz8 MHz?0.5-12 MS/s0/1USBYesYesYesUS$25
Kanga Finningley[54]Kit3.750 MHz ± 48 kHzextNoExternal ADC required (I/Q output)?NoneYesYesYesUS$25
LimeSDR[55]Pre-built (full Open Source/Hardware)100 kHz – 3.8 GHz61.44 MHz (120 MHz internally)12?Yes61.44 Msps2.52/2USB 3.0, PCIeYesYesYesAltera Cyclone IVUS$299(USB) - US$799(PCIe)
LimeSDR-Mini[56]Pre-built (full Open Source/Hardware)10 MHz – 3.5 GHz30.72 MHz12?Yes30.72 Msps2.51/1USB 3.0, PCIeYesYesYesAltera MAX 10US$159
LD-1B[57]Pre-built100 kHz – 30 MHzextExternal ADC required (I/Q output)?USBYes??US$285
Lunaris-SDR[58]Pre-built10 kHz – 55 MHz?Yes122.88 Msps0/4Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesUS$1,483
Matchstiq[59]Pre-built300 MHz – 3.8 GHz??40 MSPS (RX/TX)?Embedded System or USBYesYesYesXilinx Spartan 6US$4,500
MB1[60]Pre-built10 kHz – 160 MHz38–312 kHz1614Yes160 MSPS (RX), 640 MSPS (TX)3/410/100 Ethernet, WLAN (optional)YesYes?US$5,595
Mercury[61]Pre-built0.1 – 55 MHz?122.88 MSPS0/7USB (via Ozy) or Ethernet (via Metis)YesYesYesUS$469
Myriad-RF 1[62]Pre-built300 MHz – 3.8 GHz?Programmable (16 selections);

0.75 – 14 MHz, Bypass mode

1/1standard connector FX10A-80PYesYesYesnoneUS$299
NooElec NESDR SMArt[63]Pre-built25 – 1750 MHz?NoUSBYesYes?US$20.95
NetSDR[64]PnP0.1 kHz – 34 MHz?No80.0 MHz0/1 ?EthernetYesYesYesUS$1,450
Noctar[65]Pre-built PCIe card100 kHz – 4 GHz200 MHz???PCI Express ×4NoYesNoUS$2,500
Odyssey TRX[66]Pre-built0.5 – 55 MHz?Yes122.880 MSps ADC sampling, 48k-960k output samplrate2/2LAN, WiFi, USBYesYesYesAltera Cyclone IVUS$450
Perseus[67]Pre-built10 kHz – 40 MHz (87.5–108 MHz using FM down-converter)1.6 MHz16No80 MS/s
(16 bit ADC)		?USB 2.0YesYes [68]?US$1,199
Pappradio[69]Pre-built150 kHz – 30 MHz

(210 MHz using harmonics)

extExternal ADC required (I/Q output)?USBYesYes?US$85
PCIe SDR MIMO 2x2[70]Pre-built70 MHz – 6 GHz?61.44 Msps2/2PCIe (1x)NoYesNo€1,500
PM-SDR[71]Pre-built100 kHz – 50 MHz
(up to 165 MHz using harmonics)		192 kHzextNoExternal ADC required (I/Q output)?USBYesYes?US$220
PrecisionWave Embedded SDR[72]Pre-built / Customizable Frontends1 MHz – 9.7 GHz
(depending on frontend)		2x RX: 155 MHz

2x TX: 650 MHz2x2 MIMOAudio: up to 320 Kbps

?Yes310 MSPS2Embedded System

Gigabit Ethernet / USB / JTAG / Audio

YesYesYesXilinx Zynq Z-7030US$1,999- US$3,999
QS1R[73]Pre-built10 kHz – 62.5 MHz (up to 500 MHz using images/alias)?No130 MHz1/2-4USBYesYesYesAltera Cyclone IIIUS$900
Quadrus (DRU-244A and SRM-3000)[74]Pre-built0.1 – 440 MHz?No80 MSps ADC sampling, 48k-1.536M output samplrate0/16PCIYesYesYesUS$1,490
Realtek RTL2832U DVB-T tuner[75]Pre-built with custom driver24 – 1766 MHz (R820T tuner)

(sensitivity drops off considerably outside this range, but can go 0–2,200 MHz (E4000 tuner with direct sampling mod) )

Matches sampling rate, but with filter roll-off8No2.8 MHz (can go up to 3.2 MHz but drops samples)?USBYesYesYesUS$8-US$10
RDP-100[76]Pre-builtRX, 0 – 125 MHz;

TX, 0–200 MHz

?YesRX: 250 MSPS

TX - 800 MSPS

?Embedded SystemNoNoNoUnknown
RTL-SDR V3 Receiver Dongle

(hardware modded R820T2/RTL2838U DVB-T Tuner Dongles)[77]

Pre-built and pre-modded with custom driver0.5 – 1766 MHz

(mod: RTL2832U Q-branch pins soldered to antenna port)[78]

Matches sampling rate, but with filter roll-off8No2.4 MHz (can go up to 3.2 MHz but drops samples)1?USBYesYesYesUS$21.95-US$25.5
SDRplay: RSP1A[79]Pre-built1kHz – 2 GHz10 MHz14No20 MSPS with 11 built-in preselection filters0.51/1USBYesYesYesnoneUS$109
SDRplay: RSP2 & RSP2pro[80]Pre-built1kHz – 2 GHz10 MHz12No20 MSPS with 10 built-in preselection filters and 3 antenna ports0.51/1USBYesYesYesnoneUS$169
SDRplay: RSPduo[81]Pre-built1kHz – 2 GHz10 MHz14NoTwo independent tuners, each with 11 built-in preselection filters. 3 antenna ports0.51/2USBYesYesYesnoneUS$279
Soft66AD / Soft66ADD / Soft66LC4 / Soft66RTL[82]Pre-built0.5 – 70 MHzextNoExternal ADC required (I/Q output)0/1USBYesUnofficially?US$20
SDR-IQ[83]PnP0.1 kHz – 30 MHz?66.666 MHz1/1 ?USBYesYesYesUS$525
SDR-IP[84]PnP0.1 kHz – 34 MHz?80.0 MHz1/1 ?EthernetYesYesYesUS$2,999
SDR-LAB SDR04[85]Pre-built0.4 – 4 GHz?40 MHz?USB 3.0 SuperSpeedYesYesYesUnknown
SDRX01B[86]Pre-built and kit option50 kHz – 200 MHzextNo< 2 MHz External ADC required (I/Q output)0/1 - Scalable (multiple receiver can be connected to the same LO)Ethernet or USB usually, but other interfaces are available in MLAB modular systemYesYesYesUS$90
SDR Minor[87]Pre-built0.1 – 55 MHz?No122.880 MSps ADC sampling, 48k-960k output samplrate1/1LAN 10/100YesYesNoUS$199
SDR-1[88]Kit and pre-built530 kHz – 30 MHz?up to 192 kHz depending on soundcard0/1USBYesNoNoUS$200
SDRstick UDPSDR-HF2[89]Pre-built0.1 – 55 MHz?122.88 Msps0/11G Ethernet via BeMicroCV-A9YesYesYesAltera (as an add-on)US$399
SDRstick UDPSDR-HF1[89]Please Note: A functional receiver requires both the UDPSDR-HF1 and a BeMicro SDK FPGA development boardPre-built0.1 – 30 MHz?No80 Msps0/11G Ethernet via BeMicroCV-A9YesYesYesAltera (as an add-on)US$169
SDR MK1.5 `Andrus`[90]Pre-built, Open Source Design5 kHz – 31 MHz

(1.7 GHz downconverter opt.)

?No64 MSPS?USB 2.0, 10/100 EthernetYesYesYesUS$480
SDR-4+[91]Pre-built0.85 – 70.5 MHz?No48 kHz (integrated soundcard)1/1USB × 2YesYesYesUS$260
SDR(X) HF, VHF & UHF[92]Pre-built0.1 – 1850 MHz (R820T tuner)?NoOptimized for HF amateur bands with 4 user selectable pre-select HF filters?USBYesYesYes£89
SoftRock-40[93]Kit7.5 MHzextNo48 kHz0/1USBYesYesYesUS$21
SoftRock Lite II[94]Kit1.891 – 1.795 MHz,

3.57 – 3.474 MHz,7.104 – 7.008 MHz,10.173 – 10.077 MHz,14.095 – 13.999 MHz(also purchasable in other tunings)

extNo96 kHz0/1USBYesYesYesUS$21
SoftRock RX Ensemble II LF[95]Kit or Pre-built180 kHz – 3.0 MHzextNoExternal ADC required (I/Q output)0/1USBYesYesYesUS$66 or US$97
SoftRock RX Ensemble II HF[96]Kit or Pre-built1.8 – 30 MHzextNoExternal ADC required (I/Q output)0/1USBYesYesYesUS$65 or US$85
SoftRock RX Ensemble RXTX[97]Kit or Pre-builtChoose either 160m,

80m/40m,40m/30m/20m,30m/20m/17m, or 15m/12m/10m('complete [rx/tx] frequency agility within the [chosen] 'superband')[98]

?YesExternal ADC required (I/Q output)USBYesYesYesUS$89 or US$124
Spectre[99]Pre-built0.4 – 4 GHz200 MHz16Yes310 MSPSUSB, Serial, jtag, 10Gbit/s SFP+ EthernetYesYesYesUS$10,000
SunSDR2 Pro[100]Pre-built10 kHz – 160 MHz38–312 kHz1614Yes160 MSPS (RX), 640 MSPS (TX)3/410/100 Ethernet, WLAN (embedded)YesYesYesU$1,595
ThinkRF WSA5000[101]Pre-built50 MHz – 8 GHz, 18 GHz or 27 GHz?125 MSPS?10/100/1000 EthernetYesYesYesUS$3,500-US$14,140
UHFSDR[102]Kit1.75 – 700 MHz Tx/RxextYesExternal soundcard required (I/Q input/output)?LPT parallel port or USB/W QRP2000/UBW/UBW32NANANAUS$40 (partial kit)
USRP B200[103]Pre-built70 MHz – 6 GHz56 MHz?Yes56 MspsUSB 3.0YesYesYesXilinx Spartan 6 XC6SLX75US$675
USRP B210[104]Pre-built70 MHz – 6 GHz56 MHz?Yes56 MspsUSB 3.0YesYesYesXilinx Spartan 6 XC6SLX150US$1,100
USRP N200[105]Pre-builtDC – 6 GHzUp to 40 MHz[106]16Yes25 Msps for 16-bit samples; 50 Msps for 8-bit samplesGigabit EthernetYesYesYesUS$1,515
USRP N210[107]Pre-builtDC – 6 GHzUp to 40 MHz[106]16Yes25 Msps for 16-bit samples; 50 Msps for 8-bit samplesGigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx Spartan 3A-DSP 3400US$1,717
USRP X300[108]Pre-builtDC – 6 GHzUp to 160 MHz[106]?Yes200 MspsGigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, PCIeYesYesYesXilinx Kintex-7 XC7K325TUS$3,900
USRP X310[109]Pre-builtDC – 6 GHzUp to 160 MHz[106]?Yes200 MspsGigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, PCIeYesYesYesXilinx Kintex-7 XC7K410TUS$4,800
UmTRX[110]Pre-built300 MHz – 3.8 GHzUp to 28 MHz1212Yes13 MSPS x20.1;

0.01 with GPS lock

?Gigabit EthernetYesYes?Spartan 6 LX75US$1,300
WARPv3[111]Pre-built2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz40 MHz1212Yes40 Msps1/2Dual Gigabit EthernetYesYesYesXilinx Virtex-6 LX240TUS$6,900
WinRadio WR-G31DCC[112]Pre-built9 kHz – 50 MHz?No100 MSPS3/3USBYesNoNoUS$950
X-RAD[113]Pre-builtRX: 950–1450 MHz

TX: 875–1525 MHz

?YesRX: 1.6 GSPS

TX: 3.2 GSPS

?PCIeYesNoNoUnknown
Xiegu G90 [1]Pre-builtRX: 0.5MHz - 30MHz

TX: all amateur bands 1.8 - 30 MHz

48 kHz24Yes 20W
  • ±24k bandwidth spectrum display with waterfall
101/1Embedded system (no computer needed), I/Q output for interfacing with a PC or XDT1 panadapterYesYesYes€479.00
XTRX Pro[114]Pre-built30 – 3700 MHz120 MHz1212Yes120 MSRP SISO,

90 MSRP MIMO

0.1;

0.01 with GPS lock

mini PCIeUnknownYesUnknownXilinx Artix7 50TUS$599
Zeus ZS-1[115]Pre-built300 kHz – 30 MHz?Yes10 kHz, 20 kHz, 40 kHz, 100 kHz1/3USB 2.0YesNoNo€1,399

Software Defined Radio Definition Free

See also[edit]

References[edit]

What is Software Defined Radio (or SDR)? Wikipedia gives a definition. Wikipedia:What is Software Defined Radio? In short: an SDR is a radio with no IF, Modulator, or Demodulator stages as we generally understand those terms: a receiving RF preamp feeds directly into a (very fast) A-to-D converter, which is connected to a computer DSP/CPU to tune a signal and extract the modulated audio. Winrad is a free software program designed to implement a Software Defined Radio (SDR), meant to run under Windows XP, Windows 2000, or Windows 98SE. In a nutshell, it accepts a chunk of up to 96 kHz coming from a complex mixer in form of two signals, I and Q, fed to the PC sound card. Jun 13, 2017  The RTL-SDR is an ultra cheap software defined radio based on DVB-T TV tuners with RTL2832U chips. The RTL-SDR can be used as a wide band radio scanner. It may interest ham radio enthusiasts, hardware hackers, tinkerers and anyone interested in RF.

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  2. ^
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  7. ^'ADALM-PLUTO SDR Hack: Tune 70 MHz to 6 GHz and GQRX Install'. rtl-sdr.com. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  8. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2013-02-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^'Airspy SDR# Low Cost High Performance Software Defined Radio'. airspy.com. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  10. ^'Airspy HF+'. airspy.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
  11. ^'Apache Labs'. apache-labs.com. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  12. ^'Apache Labs'. apache-labs.com. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  13. ^'Apache Labs'. apache-labs.com. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  14. ^'AR2300 RECEIVERS AOR U.S.A., INC. Authority On Radio Communications'. aorusa.com. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  15. ^http://www.agile-sdr-solutions.com/ASRP4.html, http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/newsreader/view_thread/330808
  16. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2014-01-14. Retrieved 2013-12-11.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^'Bitshark Express RX Epiq Solutions'. epiqsolutions.com. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  18. ^Nuand LLC. 'Nuand bladeRF Software Defined Radio'. nuand.com. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  19. ^Nuand LLC. 'Nuand bladeRF 2.0 micro'. nuand.com. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  20. ^'Expert Electronics - ColibriDDC'. eesdr.com. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
  21. ^'COM-3011 [20 MHz - 3 GHz] Receiver / SDR'. comblock.com. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
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Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_software-defined_radios&oldid=919118049'

Software-defined networking (SDN) technology is an approach to network management that enables dynamic, programmatically efficient network configuration in order to improve network performance and monitoring making it more like cloud computing than traditional network management.[1] SDN is meant to address the fact that the static architecture of traditional networks is decentralized and complex while current networks require more flexibility and easy troubleshooting. SDN attempts to centralize network intelligence in one network component by disassociating the forwarding process of network packets (data plane) from the routing process (control plane). The control plane consists of one or more controllers which are considered as the brain of SDN network where the whole intelligence is incorporated. However, the intelligence centralization has its own drawbacks when it comes to security,[1] scalability and elasticity[1] and this is the main issue of SDN.

SDN was commonly associated with the OpenFlow protocol (for remote communication with network plane elements for the purpose of determining the path of network packets across network switches) since the latter's emergence in 2011. However, since 2012[2][3] OpenFlow for many companies is no longer an exclusive solution, they added proprietary techniques. These include Cisco Systems' Open Network Environment and Nicira's network virtualization platform.

SD-WAN applies similar technology to a wide area network (WAN).[4]

  • 7Applications

History[edit]

The history of SDN principles can be traced back to the separation of the control and data plane first used in the public switched telephone network as a way to simplify provisioning and management well before this architecture began to be used in data networks.

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) began considering various ways to decouple the control and forwarding functions in a proposed interface standard published in 2004 appropriately named 'Forwarding and Control Element Separation' (ForCES).[5] The ForCES Working Group also proposed a companion SoftRouter Architecture.[6] Additional early standards from the IETF that pursued separating control from data include the Linux Netlink as an IP Services Protocol[7] and A Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture.[8]

These early attempts failed to gain traction for two reasons. One is that many in the Internet community viewed separating control from data to be risky, especially owing to the potential for a failure in the control plane. The second is that vendors were concerned that creating standard application programming interfaces (APIs) between the control and data planes would result in increased competition.

The use of open source software in split control/data plane architectures traces its roots to the Ethane project at Stanford's computer sciences department. Ethane's simple switch design led to the creation of OpenFlow.[9] An API for OpenFlow was first created in 2008.[10] That same year witnessed the creation of NOX—an operating system for networks.[11]

Work on OpenFlow continued at Stanford, including with the creation of testbeds to evaluate use of the protocol in a single campus network, as well as across the WAN as a backbone for connecting multiple campuses.[12] In academic settings there were a few research and production networks based on OpenFlow switches from NEC and Hewlett-Packard; as well as based on Quanta Computer whiteboxes, starting from about 2009.[13]

Beyond academia, the first deployments were by Nicira in 2010 to control OVS from Onix, co-developed with NTT and Google. A notable deployment was Google's B4 deployment in 2012.[14][15] Later Google acknowledged their first OpenFlow with Onix deployments in their Datacenters at the same time.[16] Another known large deployment is at China Mobile.[17]

The Open Networking Foundation was founded in 2011 to promote SDN and OpenFlow.

At the 2014 Interop and Tech Field Day, software-defined networking was demonstrated by Avaya using shortest path bridging (IEEE 802.1aq) and OpenStack as an automated campus, extending automation from the data center to the end device, removing manual provisioning from service delivery.[18][19]

Software Defined Radios Comparisons

Concept[edit]

SDN architectures decouple network control and forwarding functions, enabling network control to become directly programmable and the underlying infrastructure to be abstracted from applications and network services.[20]

The OpenFlow protocol can be used in SDN technologies. The SDN architecture is:

Where's the acquire? How can I buy it? And after a couple of uses, I had been sure this became going to keep UNDETECTED for an extended time. IT F.CKING WORKED!The effectSo I imagine this is the time you've also been waiting for. I enable my friends give it a try, and you know what? Team fortress 2 item hack.

  • Directly programmable: Network control is directly programmable because it is decoupled from forwarding functions.
  • Agile: Abstracting control from forwarding lets administrators dynamically adjust network-wide traffic flow to meet changing needs.
  • Centrally managed: Network intelligence is (logically) centralized in software-based SDN controllers that maintain a global view of the network, which appears to applications and policy engines as a single, logical switch.
  • Programmatically configured: SDN lets network managers configure, manage, secure, and optimize network resources very quickly via dynamic, automated SDN programs, which they can write themselves because the programs do not depend on proprietary software.
  • Open standards-based and vendor-neutral: When implemented through open standards, SDN simplifies network design and operation because instructions are provided by SDN controllers instead of multiple, vendor-specific devices and protocols.

The need for a new network architecture[edit]

The explosion of mobile devices and content, server virtualization, and advent of cloud services are among the trends driving the networking industry to re-examine traditional network architectures.[21] Many conventional networks are hierarchical, built with tiers of Ethernet switches arranged in a tree structure. This design made sense when client-server computing was dominant, but such a static architecture is ill-suited to the dynamic computing and storage needs of today's enterprise data centers, campuses, and carrier environments.[22] Some of the key computing trends driving the need for a new network paradigm include:

Changing traffic patterns
Within the enterprise data center, traffic patterns have changed significantly. In contrast to client-server applications where the bulk of the communication occurs between one client and one server, today's applications access different databases and servers, creating a flurry of 'east-west' machine-to-machine traffic before returning data to the end user device in the classic 'north-south' traffic pattern. At the same time, users are changing network traffic patterns as they push for access to corporate content and applications from any type of device (including their own), connecting from anywhere, at any time. Finally, many enterprise data centers managers are contemplating a utility computing model, which might include a private cloud, public cloud, or some mix of both, resulting in additional traffic across the wide area network.
The 'consumerization of IT'
Users are increasingly employing mobile personal devices such as smartphones, tablets, and notebooks to access the corporate network. IT is under pressure to accommodate these personal devices in a fine-grained manner while protecting corporate data and intellectual property and meeting compliance mandates.
The rise of cloud services
Enterprises have enthusiastically embraced both public and private cloud services, resulting in unprecedented growth of these services. Enterprise business units now want the agility to access applications, infrastructure, and other IT resources on demand and à la carte. To add to the complexity, IT's planning for cloud services must be done in an environment of increased security, compliance, and auditing requirements, along with business reorganizations, consolidations, and mergers that can change assumptions overnight. Providing self-service provisioning, whether in a private or public cloud, requires elastic scaling of computing, storage, and network resources, ideally from a common viewpoint and with a common suite of tools.
'Big data' means more bandwidth
Handling today's 'big data' or mega datasets requires massive parallel processing on thousands of servers, all of which need direct connections to each other. The rise of mega datasets is fueling a constant demand for additional network capacity in the data center. Operators of hyperscale data center networks face the daunting task of scaling the network to previously unimaginable size, maintaining any-to-any connectivity without going broke.[23]

Architectural components[edit]

A high-level overview of the software-defined networking architecture

The following list defines and explains the architectural components:[24]

SDN Application
SDN Applications are programs that explicitly, directly, and programmatically communicate their network requirements and desired network behavior to the SDN Controller via a northbound interface (NBI). In addition they may consume an abstracted view of the network for their internal decision-making purposes. An SDN Application consists of one SDN Application Logic and one or more NBI Drivers. SDN Applications may themselves expose another layer of abstracted network control, thus offering one or more higher-level NBIs through respective NBI agents.

Software Defined Radio Definition In Hindi

SDN Controller
The SDN Controller is a logically centralized entity in charge of (i) translating the requirements from the SDN Application layer down to the SDN Datapaths and (ii) providing the SDN Applications with an abstract view of the network (which may include statistics and events). An SDN Controller consists of one or more NBI Agents, the SDN Control Logic, and the Control to. Security and Communication Networks. 9 (18): 5803–5833. doi:10.1002/sec.1737.
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  • ^Camille Campbell (February 6, 2014). 'Avaya Debuts Networking Innovations at 'Tech Field Day''.
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  • ^Vicentini, Cleverton; Santin, Altair; Viegas, Eduardo; Abreu, Vilmar (January 2019). 'SDN-based and multitenant-aware resource provisioning mechanism for cloud-based big data streaming'. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 126: 133–149. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2018.11.005.
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  • ^S.H. Yeganeh, Y. Ganjali, 'Kandoo: A Framework for Efficient and Scalable Offloading of Control Applications,' proceedings of HotSDN, Helsinki, Finland, 2012.
  • ^R. Ahmed, R. Boutaba, 'Design considerations for managing wide area software defined networks,' Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 116–123, July 2014.
  • ^T. Koponen et al, 'Onix: A Distributed Control Platform for Large scale Production Networks,' proceedings USENIX, ser. OSDI’10, Vancouver, Canada, 2010.
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  • ^Liyanage, Madhusanka (2015). Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN): Beyond LTE Network Architecture. UK: John Wiley. pp. 1–438. ISBN978-1-118-90028-4.
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    • Sfdr Definition Software Defined Radio

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